Wednesday, April 18, 2012

INTERVIEW TIPS and Q & A


Reach the Interview place atleast 30 minutes in advance. 
Sit in waiting room / wash your face and hands, check your combing, makeup, dress in loo.
If u don’t find a comfortable or a good loo or waiting room, go to nearby hotel or restaurant and relax there.
Carry water with you and have a glass of water before appearing in interview.
No chewing of gum at the time of Interview, but check if you have a bad breath. Chew a Gum or Mouth freshener and spit.
Clean your nose before entering the interview chamber.
If you feel right, knock the door and ask, “May I come in, please,” and after hearing “yes” enter.
Check before entering your mobile phone is on silent mode or Switched Off.
Wish Good Morning or whatever. Sit after you are asked to sit and say Thank You.
Do not keep your hands on the table or any of your belongings on the table.
Put your bag / brief case on the floor near your right foot.
Maintain a balance in your pose and posture.
No aa, aa, ey, ey, or crack in your voice. Reply clear cut and to the point.
No nervousness or down heartedness in the interview room.
Let the questions be completed then think and then speak the answers.
No stretching/ extending of hands while answering the questions.
Have a smiling face, but don’t laugh there.
Be attentive there and have a direct eye contact with the interviewers.
If not getting the questions etc., say “Pardon”
If don’t know the answers or are ignorant simply say “Sorry, I don't know" or "Sorry, I am not sure about it".
Don’t show that you are in need of employment. Job will be offered to you if you are able.
Don’t touch your mouth, cheeks or fingers, your hair or itch your body parts. Oops, control your hands.
Smoking is bad habit and if still you do, don’t carry cigarette box with you and see your breath is free of smoke.
Don’t eat onion, garlic or any thing heavy on that day.
Don’t drink carbonated beverages etc.
Avoid Farts.
Don’t argue or enter into controversies.
Don’t tell lie or give false statements, otherwise it will be difficult to manage the situations.
Be calm, don’t show gestures, reactions etc.
If they are asking you embarrassing or confusing questions, let them check your temperament and don’t allow your confidence shattered.
When finished, say “Thank you”.
Don’t take the initiative to shake hands yourself. If they do, then you must respond with soft and firm hand shake.

Question 1: So, tell us about yourself?

Undoubtedly the most frequently asked interview question, and one that interviewees have the most difficulty answering. Your answer should be in alignment with your career objective, which means you shouldn't respond with comments about your hobbies, spouse or extra-curricular activities.

1. Start with a brief introduction. Talk about skills that are key to the position applied for.
Sample: 'During my 2 years of experience as a sales executive, I have mastered the ability to prospect, generate business leads, and motivate my team members to reach targets.'

2. Provide a summary of your recent work history. Keep your response limited to your current experience. Don't go back more than 2 years.
Sample: 'Most recently, at The XYZ Corporation, I was challenged with turning around a stagnant territory that ranked last in sales. I developed an aggressive sales campaign that focused on winning new accounts and nurturing the existing client base. Within six months, my sales team and I were able to increase sales by 40 per cent.'

3. Tie your response to the needs of the organization. Demonstrate how your experience and skills are transferable to the open position.
Sample: 'I have learnt about the challenges your IT department is facing and my background in developing software for leading companies will add value.'

4. Ask an engaging question. By asking a question, you gain control of the interview. Doing so will alleviate the stress you may feel to perform.
Sample: 'What strategies are currently underway to reduce the employee turnover and improve morale?'

Question 2: What are your greatest strengths and weaknesses?

Highlighting strengths and accomplishments: Use specific examples to highlight your accomplishments -- explicit numbers, results and outcomes. Generic words are meaningless unless backed by data. For example, instead of using the word 'significant', use a number or percentage instead.

Strengths that interviewers are looking for include:
. Committed: Talk about the times you may have sacrificed a vacation to complete an important project.
. Action-oriented: Quote an example from a past job where you drove the meeting, committee or project that was languishing. Or, when a deadline loomed and you came up with a way to reach the goal.
. Inquisitive/Curious: Show how curiosity has served you well in the last job. For example, when was the last time you knew there had to be a better way of performing a task, closing a particular deal or making a sale to a difficult client? How did your questioning of the situation find a solution?
. Long term approach: Talk about how you were able to see the broader consequences of a decision in your previous company. Your contribution provided a viewpoint that others had overlooked.

The one question candidates love to avoid is, "What is your greatest weakness?" Do not give superficial answers like "I'm a workaholic" or "I'm a perfectionist." These are boring and predictable. Interviewers can even reply to them with, "That doesn't sound like a weakness. Now why don't you tell me about a real weakness?" So, state a true weakness that doesn't have a major impact on your ability to do the job.
Sample -- If you are applying for a non-managerial role: 'In the past, I've had some trouble sharing responsibilities with others. I felt I could do things better and faster myself. This sometimes backfired because I'd end up with more than I could handle and the quality of my work would suffer. But I plan to take courses in time management and effective delegation.'

Or, 'I am weak in accounts and had a tough time when I was asked to work on a project with the finance team. I have enrolled in an online program on basic finance to overcome this.' (NOTE: You would not want to use this example for an accounting or finance position.)

Question 3: Why did you leave your last job?

If you left your last job under less-than-ideal circumstances, you probably dread this question. Here's how to handle it. Never lie. If you were fired, don't say you quit. A background check will reveal this lie easily. Don't say anything negative about your former boss, co-workers or company. Any negativity, frustration or anger will only reflect negatively on you.
Sample -- If you were fired for not adhering to a company policy: 'I was asked to leave for violating a company policy that I feel wasn't communicated to me clearly. I should have taken the responsibility to read all of the company policies and ask questions about those I didn't fully understand. That will be the first thing I do in my next job.'

Any employer would love to hear stories about how employees take responsibility for their actions and learn from their mistakes. Make sure they understand that what happened to cause you to leave your last job was the exception, not the rule. Provide references or letters of recommendation to verify that your job performance is above par.

Question 4: How would you……? (Problem solving question)

The interviewers aren't looking for a 'right' or 'wrong' answer to this one. They are more interested in understanding your thought process. Show your ability to think logically and demonstrate problem-solving capabilities by:
. Asking questions to confirm exactly what the interviewer is looking for.
. Explaining how you would collect the information and data required to develop a solution.
. Telling them how you'd use the information you gathered to develop and analyse alternative courses of action.
. Sharing your solution or recommendation, explaining how you feel it's the best option based on the information you were given.

So, go ahead and create a smashing impression. It's all about the right answers.

Tips for Dialogue

1. Find out about the person you'll be talking to before you actually talk to them, if you can. If it's someone who you work with, or go to school with, look at their department website and see if they have any projects in the works. If the person is a mutual acquaintance, ask your friend what this person does for a living and how they know each other. (Do not, however, dig any deeper than these suggestions. Coming into a conversation equipped with personal information about that person comes off as creepy. That means researching a person on social networks before talking to them for the first time is not okay!) The information you get can be good for starting conversations:
 "I was looking at the biochemistry department website and saw that you're working on a pretty interesting thesis! How'd you come to choose that topic?"
o "I saw on the office memo that you're working on the outreach project for local schools. How's that going?"
o "Milly here told me that you went skydiving!"

2. Ask questions. What do they like to do? What sort of things have they done in their lives? What is happening to them now? What did they do today or last weekend? Identify things about them that you might be interested in hearing about, and politely ask questions. Remember, there was a reason that you wanted to talk to them, so obviously there was something about them that you found interesting. However, try to space out your questions or they'll feel like you're interrogating them which is very bad and closes off friendships.


o How to Come Up with Good Conversation Topics for ideas.
o Ask clarifying questions. If the topic seems to be one they are interested in, ask them to clarify what they think or feel about it. If they are talking about an occupation or activity you do not understand, take the opportunity to learn from them. Everyone loves having a chance to teach another willing and interested person about their hobby or subject of expertise.
o Try to get them talking about something they enjoy thinking about and something that you're interested in hearing or else the conversation isn't fulfilling and one of you will feel unsatisfied with it.

3.Listen. This is the most important part of any conversation. Pay attention to what is being said. Make acknowledging noises or movements to indicate that you are still listening. A conversation will go nowhere if you are too busy thinking of anything else, including what you plan to say next. If you listen well, the other person's statements will suggest questions for you to ask. Allow the other person to do most of the talking. They will often not realize that it was they who did most of the talking, and you get the credit for being a good conversationalist - which of course, you are!


o Practice active listening skills. Part of listening is letting the other person know that you are listening. Make eye contact. Nod. Say "Yes," "I see," "That's interesting," or something similar to give them clues that you are paying attention and not thinking about something else - such as what you are going to say next.
o Paraphrase back what you have heard, using your own words. This seems like an easy skill to learn, but takes some practice to master. Conversation happens in turns, each person taking a turn to listen and a turn to speak or to respond. It shows respect for the other person when you use your "speaking turn" to show you have been listening and not just to say something new. They then have a chance to correct your understanding, affirm it, or embellish on it.

4.Consider your response before disagreeing. If the point was not important, ignore it rather than risk appearing argumentative. On the other hand, agreeing with everything can kill a conversation just as easily as disagreeing with everything. When pointing out your difference of opinion, remember these points:


o Agree with something they said (state common ground) before disagreeing.
o Try to omit the word "but" from your conversation when disagreeing, as this word often puts people on the defensive. Instead, try substituting the word "and"--it has less of an antagonistic effect.
o Playing devil's advocate (pretending to defend the opposite point of view) can be a good way to keep the conversation going, but if you overuse this technique, you could end up appearing hostile.
o Don't manipulate the talk to serve your own agenda and steam-roll your counterpart. If you come away from the conversation feeling full of yourself, you used the occasion to show off your wit and knowledge. Try to keep from using a conversation to boost your ego.

5. Do not panic over lulls. This is a point where you could easily inject your thoughts into the discussion. If the topic seems to have run out, use the pause to think for a moment and identify another conversation topic or question to ask them. Did something they said remind you of something else you have heard, something that happened to you, or bring up a question or topic in your mind? Mention it and you'll transition smoothly into further conversation!

6. Remember that sometimes if a conversation isn't going well, it might not be your fault. Sometimes the other person is distracted/lost in thought, isn't willing to contribute, or is having a bad day. If they don't speak or listen, then they are the ones not using good conversation skills, not you. But in any case, it's still a good idea to strive to do your part as a good conversationalist.

7. Know when the conversation is over. Even the best conversations will eventually run out of steam or be ended by an interruption. Smile if you're leaving, tell them it was nice talking to them, and say goodbye. Ending on a positive note will leave a good impression.

Group Discussion Tips

GD Tips
1. Initiation Techniques
2. Body of the group discussion
3. Summarization/ Conclusion

Initiation Techniques

Initiating a GD is a high profit-high loss strategy.

· When you initiate a GD, you not only grab the opportunity to speak, you also grab the attention of the examiner and your fellow candidates.
· If you can make a favorable first impression with your content and communication skills after you initiate a GD, it will help you sail through the discussion.
· But if you initiate a GD and stammer/ stutter/ quote wrong facts and figures, the damage might be irreparable.
· If you initiate a GD impeccably but don't speak much after that, it gives the impression that you started the GD for the sake of starting it or getting those initial kitty of points earmarked for an initiator.
· When you start a GD, you are responsible for putting it into the right perspective or framework. So initiate one only if you have in-depth knowledge about the topic at hand.
Body of the group discussion
Different techniques to initiate a GD and make a good first impression:

I. Quotes
II. Definition
III. Question
IV. Shock statement
V. Facts, figures and statistics
VI. Short story
VII. General statement

I. Quotes
Quotes are an effective way of initiating a GD.

If the topic of a GD is: Should the Censor Board be abolished?, you could start with a quote like, 'Hidden apples are always sweet'.

For a GD topic like, Customer is King, you could quote Sam (Wall-mart) Walton's famous saying, there is only one boss: the customer. And he can fire everybody in the company -- from the chairman on down, simply by spending his money somewhere else.'

II. Definition
Start a GD by defining the topic or an important term in the topic.

For example, if the topic of the GD is Advertising is a Diplomatic Way of Telling a Lie, why not start the GD by defining advertising as, 'Any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services through mass media like newspapers, magazines, television or radio by an identified sponsor'?

For a topic like The Malthusian Economic Prophecy is no longer relevant, you could start by explaining the definition of the Malthusian Economic Prophecy.

III. Question
Asking a question is an impact way of starting a GD.

It does not signify asking a question to any of the candidates in a GD so as to hamper the flow. It implies asking a question, and answering it yourself.

Any question that might hamper the flow of a GD or insult a participant or play devil's advocate must be discouraged.

Questions that promote a flow of ideas are always appreciated.

For a topic like, Should India go to war with Pakistan, you could start by asking, 'What does war bring to the people of a nation? We have had four clashes with Pakistan. The pertinent question is: what have we achieved?'

IV. Shock statement
initiating a GD with a shocking statement is the best way to grab immediate attention and put forth your point.

If a GD topic is, The Impact of Population on the Indian Economy, you could start with, 'At the centre of the Indian capital stands a population clock that ticks away relentlessly. It tracks 33 births a minute, 2,000 an hour, 48,000 a day. Which calculates to about 12 million every year. That is roughly the size of Australia. As a current political slogan puts it, 'Nothing's impossible when 1 billion Indians work together'.'

V. Facts, figures and statistics
If you decide to initiate your GD with facts, figure and statistics, make sure to quote them accurately.

Approximation is allowed in macro level figures, but micro level figures need to be correct and accurate.

For example, you can say, approximately 70 per cent of the Indian population stays in rural areas (macro figures, approximation allowed).

But you cannot say 30 states of India instead of 28 (micro figures, no approximations).

Stating wrong facts works to your disadvantage.

For a GD topic like, China, a Rising Tiger, you could start with, 'In 1983, when China was still in its initial stages of reform and opening up, China's real use of Foreign Direct Investment only stood at $636 million. China actually utilized $60 billion of FID in 2004, which is almost 100 times that of its 1983 statistics."

VI. Short story
Use a short story in a GD topic like, Attitude is Everything.

This can be initiated with, 'A child once asked a balloon vendor, who was selling helium gas-filled balloons, whether a blue-colored balloon will go as high in the sky as a green-colored balloon. The balloon vendor told the child, it is not the color of the balloon but what is inside it that makes it go high.'

VII. General statement
Use a general statement to put the GD in proper perspective.

For example, if the topic is, Should Sonia Gandhi be the prime minister of India?, you could start by saying, 'Before jumping to conclusions like, 'Yes, Sonia Gandhi should be', or 'No, Sonia Gandhi should not be', let's first find out the qualities one needs to be a a good prime minister of India. Then we can compare these qualities with those that Mrs. Gandhi possesses. This will help us reach the conclusion in a more objective and effective manner.'

Summarization/ Conclusion
· Most GD do not really have conclusions. A conclusion is where the whole group decides in favor or against the topic.
· But every GD is summarized. You can summaries what the group has discussed in the GD in a nutshell.

Keep the following points in mind while summarizing a discussion:
1. Avoid raising new points.
2. Avoid stating only your viewpoint.
3. Avoid dwelling only on one aspect of the GD.
4. Keep it brief and concise.
5. It must incorporate all the important points that came out during the GD.
6. If the examiner asks you to summaries a GD, it means the GD has come to an end.

Note : Do not add anything once the GD has been summarized.

common mistakes made at group discussions

Here's a list of the most common mistakes made at group discussions:

Emotional outburst 

Devi was offended when one of the male participants in a group discussion made a statement on women generally being submissive while explaining his point of view. When Devi finally got an opportunity to speak, instead of focusing on the topic, she vented her anger by accusing the other candidate for being a male chauvinist and went on to defend women in general.

What Devi essentially did was to

Deviate from the subject
Treat the discussion as a forum to air her own views.
Lose objectivity and make personal attacks.
Her behavior would have been perceived as immature and demotivating to the rest of the team.

Quality Vs Quantity

Surya believed that the more he talked, the more likely he was to get through the GD. So, he interrupted other people at every opportunity. He did this so often that the other candidates got together to prevent him from participating in the rest of the discussion.

Assessment is not only on your communication skills but also on your ability to be a team player.
Evaluation is based on quality, and not on quantity. Your contribution must be relevant.
The mantra is "Contributing meaningfully to the team's success." Domination is frowned upon.

Egotism Showing off

Krishna was happy to have got a group discussion topic he had prepared for. So, he took pains to project his vast knowledge of the topic. Every other sentence of his contained statistical data - "20% of companies; 24.27% of parliamentarians felt that; I recently read in a Jupiter Report that..." and so on so forth. Soon, the rest of the team either laughed at him or ignored his attempts to enlighten them as they perceived that he was cooking up the data.

Exercise restraint in anything. You will end up being frowned upon if you attempt showing-off your knowledge.
Facts and figures need not validate all your statements.
Its your analysis and interpretation that are equally important - not just facts and figures.
You might be appreciated for your in-depth knowledge. But you will fail miserably in your people skills.
Such a behavior indicates how self-centered you are and highlights your inability to work in an atmosphere where different opinions are expressed.

Get noticed - But for the right reasons
Sri knew that everyone would compete to initiate the discussion. So as soon as the topic - "Discuss the negative effects of India joining the WTO" - was read out, he began talking. In his anxiety to be the first to start speaking, he did not hear the word "negative" in the topic. He began discussing the ways in which the country had benefited by joining WTO, only to be stopped by the evaluator, who then corrected his mistake.

False starts are extremely expensive. They cost you your admission. It is very important to listen and understand the topic before you air your opinions.
Spending a little time analyzing the topic may provide you with insights which others may not have thought about. Use a pen and paper to jot down your ideas.
Listen! It gives you the time to conceptualize and present the information in a better manner.
Some mistakes are irreparable. Starting off the group discussion with a mistake is one such mistake, unless you have a great sense of humor.

Managing one's insecurities

Suma was very nervous. She thought that some of the other candidates were exceptionally good. Thanks to her insecurity, she contributed little to the discussion. Even when she was asked to comment on a particular point, she preferred to remain silent.

Your personality is also being evaluated. Your verbal and non verbal cues are being read.
Remember, you are the participant in the GD; not the evaluator. So, rather than evaluating others and your performance, participate in the discussion.
Your confidence level is being evaluated. A decent communication skill with good confidence is a must to crack the GDs.
Focus on your strengths and do not spend too much time thinking about how others are superior or inferior to you. It is easy to pick up these cues from your body language.
Knowledge is strength. A candidate with good reading habits has more chances of success. In other words, sound knowledge on different topics like politics, finance, economy, science and technology is helpful.
Power to convince effectively is another quality that makes you stand out among others.
Clarity in speech and expression is yet another essential quality.
If you are not sure about the topic of discussion, it is better not to initiate. Lack of knowledge or wrong approach creates a bad impression. Instead, you might adopt the wait and watch attitude. Listen attentively to others, may be you would be able to come up with a point or two later.

A GD is a formal occasion where slang is to avoided.

A GD is not a debating stage. Participants should confine themselves to expressing their viewpoints. In the second part of the discussion candidates can exercise their choice in agreeing, disagreeing or remaining neutral.
Language use should be simple, direct and straight forward.
Don't interrupt a speaker when the session is on. Try to score by increasing your size, not by cutting others short.
Maintain rapport with fellow participants. Eye contact plays a major role. Non-verbal gestures, such as listening intently or nodding while appreciating someone's viewpoint speak of you positively.
Communicate with each and every candidate present. While speaking don't keep looking at a single member. Address the entire group in such a way that everyone feels you are speaking to him or her.

How to Face GD

A group discussion consists of :

Communication Skills
Knowledge and ideas regarding a given subject
Capability to co-ordinate and lead
Exchange of thoughts
Addressing the group as a whole
Thorough preparations
Communication Skills

The first aspect is one's power of expression. In a group discussion, a candidate has to talk effectively so that he is able to convince others. For convincing, one has to speak forcefully and at the same time create an impact by his knowledge of the subject. A candidate who is successful in holding the attention of the audience creates a positive impact.

It is necessary that you should be precise and clear. As a rule evaluators do not look for the wordage produced. Your knowledge on a given subject, your precision and clarity of thought are the things that are evaluated. Irrelevant talks lead you nowhere. You should speak as much as necessary, neither more nor less. Group discussions are not debating stages.

Ability to listen is also what evaluators’ judge. They look for your ability to react on what other participants say. Hence, it is necessary that you listen carefully to others and then react or proceed to add some more points. Your behavior in the group is also put to test to judge whether you are a loner or can work in a group.

You should be able to convey your thoughts satisfactorily and convincingly before a group of people. Confidence and level headedness in doing so is necessary. These add value to your presentation. In case you are not good at it, you might gain by joining an institute that offers specialized courses in public speaking. For instance, British Council Division's English Language Teaching Centre offers a wide range of courses like conversation skills, business communication skills, business writing, negotiation skills and presentation skills. Mostly people attend these courses to improve their communication skills. Students here are involved in activities which use communication skills and teachers provide inputs, monitor and facilitate the classes. The course at the Centre makes you confident enough to speak before people without any nervousness.

Knowledge and Ideas Regarding a Given Subject

Knowledge of the subject under discussion and clarity of ideas are important. Knowledge comes from consistent reading on various topics ranging from science and technology to politics. In-depth knowledge makes one confident and enthusiastic and this in turn, makes one sound convincing and confident.

Leadership and Coordinating Capabilities

The basic aim of a group discussion is to judge a candidate's leadership qualities. The examiner withdraws and becomes a silent spectator once the discussion starts. A candidate should display tactfulness, skill, understanding and knowledge on varied topics, enterprise, forcefulness and other leadership qualities to motivate and influence other candidates who may be almost equally competent.

Exchange of Thoughts

A group discussion is an exchange of thoughts and ideas among members of a group. These discussions are held for selecting personnel in organizations where there is a high level of competition. The number of participants in a group can vary between 8 and 15. Mostly a topic or a situation is given to group members who have to discuss it within 10 to 20 minutes.

The purpose is to get an idea about candidates in a short time and make assessments about their skills, which normally cannot be evaluated in an interview. These skills may be team membership, leadership skills, listening and articulation skills.

A note is made of your contributions to the discussion, comprehension of the main idea, the rapport you strike, patience, assertion, accommodation, amenability, etc. Body language and eye contact too are important points which are to be considered. .

Addressing the Group as a Whole

In a group discussion it is not necessary to address anyone by name. Even otherwise you may not know everyone's names. It better to address the group as a whole. Address the person farthest from you. If he can hear you everyone else too can. Needless to add, as for the interview, attend the group discussion in formal dress. The language used should also be formal, not the language used in normal conversations. For instance, words and phrases like "yar", "chalta hai", "CP", "I dunno", etc. are out. This is not to say you should use a high sounding, pedantic language. Avoiding both, just use formal, plain and simple language. Hinglish, (mixture of Hindi and English) should be discarded. Confidence and coolness while presenting your viewpoint are of help. See that you do not keep repeating a point. Do not use more words than necessary. Do not be superfluous. Try to be specific. Do not exaggerate.

Thorough Preparation

Start making preparations for interview and group discussions right away, without waiting till the eleventh hour, this is, if and when called for them. Then the time left may not be adequate. It is important to concentrate on subject knowledge and general awareness. Hence, the prime need for thorough preparation. Remember, the competition is very tough. Only 460 candidates make it to the final list from 2.75 lakh civil service aspirants each year.

It may so happen that you are called for interviews and group discussions from three or four organizations but are not selected by any. The reason obviously lies in your not being well-prepared.
In a group discussion you may be given a topic and asked to express your views on it. Or in a case study GD, students have to read a case study and suggest ways of tackling the problem. For this you should have a good general knowledge, need to be abreast with current affairs, should regularly read newspapers and magazines. Your group behavior and communication skills are on test, i.e. how you convince the others and how clearly you are able to express your points of view. You should be articulate, generate ideas, not sound boring, should allow others to speak, and adopt a stand on a given subject. During the course of the GD this stand can even be changed, giving the impression that you are open to accommodate others' viewpoints.
Additional marks may be given for starting or concluding the discussion.

Points to Remember

Knowledge is strength. A candidate with good reading habits has more chances of success. In other words, sound knowledge on different topics like politics, finance, economy, science and technology is helpful.
Power to convince effectively is another quality that makes you stand out among others.
Clarity in speech and expression is yet another essential quality.
If you are not sure about the topic of discussion, it is better not to initiate. Lack of knowledge or wrong approach creates a bad impression. Instead, you might adopt the wait and watch attitude. Listen attentively to others, may be you would be able to come up with a point or two later.
A GD is a formal occasion where slang is to avoided.
A GD is not a debating stage. Participants should confine themselves to expressing their viewpoints. In the second part of the discussion candidates can exercise their choice in agreeing, disagreeing or remaining neutral.
Language use should be simple, direct and straight forward.
Don't interrupt a speaker when the session is on. Try to score by increasing your size, not by cutting others short.
Maintain rapport with fellow participants. Eye contact plays a major role. Non-verbal gestures, such as listening intently or nodding while appreciating someone's viewpoint speak of you positively.
Communicate with each and every candidate present. While speaking don't keep looking at a single member. Address the entire group in such a way that everyone feels you are speaking to him or her.

GERUND

A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would, for example: subject, direct object, subject complement, and object of preposition.

Gerund as subject:

Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (Traveling is the gerund.)
The study abroad program might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (The gerund has been removed.)

Gerund as direct object:

They do not appreciate my singing. (The gerund is singing.)
They do not appreciate my assistance. (The gerund has been removed)

Gerund as subject complement:

My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (The gerund is sleeping.)
My cat's favorite food is salmon. (The gerund has been removed.)

Gerund as object of preposition:

The police arrested him for speeding. (The gerund is speeding.)
The police arrested him for criminal activity. (The gerund has been removed.)

A gerund phrase is a group of words consisting of a gerund and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the gerund, such as:
The gerund phrase functions as the subject of the sentence.
Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier than what we're trying to do.
Finding (gerund)
a needle (direct object of action expressed in gerund)
in a haystack (prepositional phrase as adverb)

The gerund phrase functions as the direct object of the verb appreciate.
I hope that you appreciate my offering you this opportunity.
my (possessive pronoun adjective form, modifying the gerund)
offering (gerund)
you (indirect object of action expressed in gerund)
this opportunity (direct object of action expressed in gerund)

The gerund phrase functions as the subject complement.

Tom's favorite tactic has been jabbering away to his constituents.
jabbering away to (gerund)
his constituents (direct object of action expressed in gerund)

The gerund phrase functions as the object of the preposition for:

You might get in trouble for faking an illness to avoid work.
faking (gerund)
an illness (direct object of action expressed in gerund)
to avoid work (infinitive phrase as adverb)

The gerund phrase functions as the subject of the sentence.
Being the boss made Jeff feel uneasy.
Being (gerund)
the boss (subject complement for Jeff, via state of being expressed in gerund)

Punctuation:
A gerund virtually never requires any punctuation with it.

Points to remember:
A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that is used as a noun.
A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s).
Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation. 
 
 When a verb ends in -ing, it may be a gerund or a present participle. It is important to understand that they are not the same.
 
When we use a verb in -ing form more like a noun, it is usually a gerund:
Fishing is fun. 

When we use a verb in -ing form more like a verb or an adjective, it is usually a present participle:

Anthony is fishing.
I have a boring teacher. 

Gerunds are sometimes called "verbal nouns".

we use gerunds:
Gerunds as Subject, Object or Complement
Gerunds after Prepositions
Gerunds after Certain Verbs
Gerunds in Passive Sense


Many grammarians do not like to use the expression "gerund". That is because there is sometimes no clear difference between a gerund and a present participle.

Gerunds as Subject, Object or Complement
Try to think of gerunds as verbs in noun form.
Like nouns, gerunds can be the subject, object or complement of a sentence:
Smoking costs a lot of money.
I don't like writing.
My favourite occupation is reading.
But, like a verb, a gerund can also have an object itself. In this case, the whole expression [gerund + object] can be the subject, object or complement of the sentence.
Smoking cigarettes costs a lot of money.
I don't like writing letters.
My favourite occupation is reading detective stories.
Like nouns, we can use gerunds with adjectives (including articles and other determiners):
pointless questioning
a settling of debts
the making of Titanic
his drinking of alcohol 

But when we use a gerund with an article, it does not usually take a direct object:
a settling of debts (not a settling debts)
Making "Titanic" was expensive.
The making of "Titanic" was expensive.
Do you see the difference in these two sentences? In one, "reading" is a gerund (noun). In the other "reading" is a present participle (verb).
My favourite occupation is reading.
My favourite niece is reading. 

Gerunds after Prepositions
This is a good rule. It has no exceptions!
If we want to use a verb after a preposition, it must be a gerund. It is impossible to use an infinitive after a preposition. So for example, we say:
I will call you after arriving at the office.
Please have a drink before leaving.
I am looking forward to meeting you.
Do you object to working late?
Tara always dreams about going on holiday. 

Notice that you could replace all the above gerunds with "real" nouns:
I will call you after my arrival at the office.
Please have a drink before your departure.
I am looking forward to our lunch.
Do you object to this job?
Tara always dreams about holidays.
The above rule has no exceptions!
So why is "to" followed by "driving" in 1 and by "drive" in 2?
I am used to driving on the left.
I used to drive on the left. 

Gerunds after Certain Verbs
We sometimes use one verb after another verb. Often the second verb is in the infinitive form, for example:
I want to eat. 

But sometimes the second verb must be in gerund form, for example:
I dislike eating. 

This depends on the first verb. Here is a list of verbs that are usually followed by a verb in gerund form:
admit, appreciate, avoid, carry on, consider, defer, delay, deny, detest, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, can't help, imagine, involve, leave off, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practise, put off, report, resent, risk, can't stand, suggest, understand

Look at these examples:
She is considering having a holiday.
Do you feel like going out?
I can't help falling in love with you.
I can't stand not seeing you. 

Some verbs can be followed by the gerund form or the infinitive form without a big change in meaning: begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start
I like to play tennis.
I like playing tennis.
It started to rain.
It started raining. 

Gerunds in Passive Sense
 
We often use a gerund after the verbs need, require and want. In this case, the gerund has a passive sense.
I have three shirts that need washing. (need to be washed)
This letter requires signing. (needs to be signed)
The house wants repainting. (needs to be repainted)
The expression "something wants doing" is not normally used in American English

Presentaion Skills

Presentation Skills Overview

A presentation is needed during business meetings, product launchings, job interviews, trainings, as well as in selling products and services. Working professionals will generally be asked to give a presentation in the presence of one or more people. Individuals who are not good at doing presentations should work doubly hard to improve their skills.
Giving a presentation is an opportunity to shine but for those who are always nervous, fidgety, and have difficulty expressing their thoughts and ideas, it can also become a barrier to career growth.  Our Presentation Skills Training focuses on the key aspects that make up an effective presentation. This training will discuss in detail all the necessary things you need to know in order to deliver an impressive presentation for both big and small audiences.
Objectives
By the end of this  you will be able to:
  • Know the essential qualities that make up good presentation skills
  • Learn how to overcome your fears and anxiety
  • Learn how to plan well prior to giving a presentation
  • Learn how to use visual aids to enhance your presentation
  • Know the strategies and techniques needed to connect with the audience and make a positive first impression
  • Know how to start and end your presentation properly
Target Audience
People who have just started out on their respective careers can greatly benefit from this training program. This training is also helpful to just about any person who wants to improve their presentation skills for the purpose of being able to hold business presentations effectively.
Working professionals  are required to come up with a presentation during a company or department meeting. If you are a working individual who may be just starting out in your career or who is already at the height of your profession you need to learn the basics of presentation skills and understand its importance.
One of the challenges any working individual will probably encounter in the workplace is to give a presentation. Usually the boss will appoint the employee to conduct a presentation of a particular agenda. In a sales-oriented and marketing company the sales representatives will also have to come up with a periodic presentation of their sales report.
Every presenter aims  to deliver  a memorable presentation  to his  audience something that would create an impact on their lives or on their viewpoints. As  a presenter you are like the captain of the ship who maneuvers the vessel to the point of destination. 
Speaking before a group of people consists of important elements. One of these key constituents is the audience. In a presentation the listeners are one of the very essential components because they act as the judge to your performance. They also play a big role on the achievement of your presentation goals. 
The first-time experiences are always critical in any situation. In the aspect of delivering a speech or a presentation creating an impressive outcome is as equally important as nailing the objectives. If it is your very first time to ever conduct a presentation in your company making a good first impression should be a primary goal.
Have you ever spoken before a group of people or a crowd Everyone must have had their share of it whether it is in school in your company or in any other situation that calls for a presentation or public speaking. Looking back on the first time you ever spoke to an audience the experience must have been unforgettable and dreadful.
In an oral presentation setting objectives is as equally important as attaining them. This should be done at the onset of the preparation stage for your presentation. After choosing a good topic to present or after being provided a topic define first your presentation objectives before going any further with preparing on the other elements.
When we engage in an oral presentation especially if the purpose is to persuade and convince your audience we have to make it a point to impress them from start to finish. One of the important elements that should be considered is the use of words and language in a presentation. 
In an oral presentation the auditory sense of the audience is the fundamental method in getting your message across. However a plain verbal manner of presenting can elicit boredom and slow grasping of ideas. For your audience to understand what you are explaining visuals will reinforce your message.
10.              Presentation Planning
A fundamental element in a successful presentation is preparation. If you are asked to make a presentation give yourself ample time to organize and plan things out so it will be an impressive result. An effective and successful presentation is a product of carefully planned and well-rehearsed preparation.
11.              Presentation Visual Aids
People have various ways and styles in learning. There are good listeners those who do well in retaining information and comprehending ideas based on what they heard. Others prefer to have a visual learning approach meaning they need to picture out or envision what they hear so they can easily comprehend. 
12.              Effective Presentation GUIDE
Many of us dread public speaking or giving a presentation because the mere thought of speaking before a group of people is enough to bring about nervousness. However this kind of experience is one good way of building confidence.
13.              Handling Question and Answer Sessions
The Question and Answer session is part of many presentations. Both the questions and responses are generated by you as the presenter and your audience about the subject given. At certain points in your presentation you ask your audience some questions to check for comprehension of the subject or to elicit ideas from them. 
14.              Handling Unexpected Events During Presentation
We learned that good preparation is a secret ingredient to a successful presentation. But even if you have rehearsed well enough do not expect too much. There may be unguarded moments during your presentation that will paint a flaw in the almost too perfect speech. Yet an effective presenter is ready for any circumstance and possible occurrences.
15.              How to End Your Presentation Gracefully
The conclusion part is one of the significant and important aspects in a presentation other than the introduction. People remember best the last thing they hear and the last thing you say. In closing a speech or a presentation it should be more than simply closing it or telling the audience that it is over.
Importance of Presentation Skills
Working professionals are required to come up with a presentation during a company or department meeting. If you are a working individual who may be just starting out in your career or who is already at the height of your profession, you need to learn the basics of presentation skills and understand its importance. Regardless of your position or designation in your office, you should be ready in anything that may be required of you to do such as making a presentation.
Conducting a Presentation
A presentation is like a department or general company meeting. The difference is that in a meeting, someone is designated to preside and every participant gets to brainstorm and discuss on the given agenda while in a presentation, usually only one person facilitates the entire gathering while the rest become mere audience.
Though, in most cases, the listeners are free to ask questions about the purpose of the presentation or the ideas presented. In a meeting, the objective is to agree upon a deliberated resolution and action plans from among all members. Also, if a question or comment is raised, everyone is free to voice out their opinions and answers to it.
On the other hand, the aim in a presentation is to convince and persuade the audience on a certain proposal or work depending on the purpose of the presentation. So, if questions are raised from the listeners regarding what is being presented, only the facilitator takes efforts in answering them.
During a presentation, the speaker may utilize various materials in presenting the outline. These materials may be in the form of visual aids, a PowerPoint presentation, audio and visual recordings, illustrations, graphs, and other available resources that would help in carrying out the goal of the presentation.
Purpose of a Presentation
In a corporate setting, there are various reasons for doing a presentation. The most common is when your boss assigns you a certain project or task which you need to demonstrate to the department or even the entire organization. Sometimes, a company requires its members to present a monthly, quarterly, or annual business review.
Usually in a sales or marketing company, this kind of presentation discusses a summary report of the total sales of the employees for the given period. Also, some employees who have a certain proposal to the management need to call a gathering or meeting to present the plans.
Even in a hiring process, some organizations require a demo for the qualifying applicants of a specific position. This is an example of a simple presentation. Members of the training department of a company also do a lot of presentation since facilitating training is already a presentation in itself.
From the given reasons and examples, the very purpose of a presentation is to talk the audience into agreeing with its objectives from your very own efforts and skills in conducting it.
What is the Essence of Good Presentation Skills?
Why do professionals need to know the importance of making a good presentation? Basically, it defines your character as a mature professional. Anyone who understands the basics of presentation skills and knows how to put it into proper application is a good indication of a potential company asset. It is not easy to be speaking before a group of professionals. This also explains why presentation skill is important.
A good level of confidence is boosted on the person. Once you acquire even the basics of it, you start to feel more confident and positive. In the long run, you will realize that your work personality will also improve. Moreover, your work colleagues will look up to you as a model. You will not just create an impression in the company; you will also gain the trust of the organization as a whole.
Always remember that conducting a presentation in your organization is not merely an obligation; it is a talent and a skill. You should not just perceive a presentation to be a typical company practice because this characterizes you as a true professional. You carry the skill with you in whatever career path you take and it is one of the skills that will take you one step up the ladder of success in the aspect of your career.

SMILE

A smile is a sign of love
A smile is a sign of care
A smile tells how much to others
You are important and also dear

A smile is a sign of cheer
A smile is a sign of trust
A smile shows how you can
Be happy even in hard crust

A smile is a sign of joy
A smile is a sign of hope
A smile teaches you how you can
Remove the clouds of mope

For nothing but only a smile
Takes away your pain and trial
And pick your trouble's pile
And let you smile, smile and smile.